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#1. Nepal
Concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5): 94.3 ug/m3 (9.4x above WHO guidelines)
Urban concentration: 99.5 ug/m3 (9.9x above WHO guidelines, #1 highest)
Rural concentration: 68.3 ug/m3 (6.8x above WHO guidelines, #6 highest)
Deaths attributed to ambient air pollution: 76 per 100,000 (#17 highest)
Situated in the towering Himalayan mountains, this multiethnic, multilingual, multi-religious country is home to 31 million people.
Air quality monitors in its capital Kathmandu, home to 1.5 million people, shows that increasing emissions from vehicle exhaust and industry are harming health, particularly in the winter.
Farming practices such as brush fires and wood cooking in rural regions are also taking a toll.
One of the most alarming effects of Nepal's environmental decline is seen in the changes to nearby mountain glaciers.