A school exam has 23 students in 23 different classrooms. The students have no way to communicate with each other in any way from their rooms. There is another room, the play room, that has two switches on the wall (X and Y). The switches have on and off positions but they start in an unknown position.

Students are randomly taken to and from the play room one at a time. They MUST change the position of only ONE of the two switches each time they go to the room. At any point a student can yell out, "Every students has been here!" If the student is correct that all of the students have visited the play room, then they all pass the exam. If they aren't correct then they will be expelled from school.

Before they start they are given one planning session during which they can discuss a method to win the game. What method can they use to ensure they all pass?

Helpjava11, I like the puzzle, one question before we proceed:
Students are chosen random one at a time, but can they be repeated? Say Ram gets chosen 1st, can he be chosen in 5th turn? My guess is no.

Strangely this seemed very easy for about 2 minutes then got my mind 'penetrated' !!

Kiddo bro, yes students can be repeated as many times in random fashion. So there is no limit how many times each student are taken to the the play room.

Select a leader, rest are followers.
Visit by a follower:
If switch A is on, toggle switch B.
If switch A is off and you have not previously toggled switch A, and you have previously seen switch A on, toggle it on, otherwise toggle switch B.
If switch A is off and you have previously toggled switch A, toggle switch B.

Visit by the leader:
If switch A is off, toggle it on.
If switch A is on, toggle it off. If you did not turn switch A on during your previous visit, increment the count of prisoners.

Switch A states are used by leader for counting, switch B is there so that follower can toggle it if they have already toggled Switch A.

Unknown initial state is solved because only leader would initially toggle the switch A.

Don't ask how I came up with the solution, you probably would find out soon. :P

that was well thought of by KaliKoPoi. But they have to use only the switches and can't use anything else.